America’s Upstream Bioprocessing Boom Redefines Biologics

US bioprocessing and fermentation upgrades surge as Thermo Fisher and Samsung Biologics intensify capacity competition and strengthen supply chains

19 Nov 2025

US biologics producers are accelerating investment in upstream bioprocessing and fermentation, turning a once technical stage of drug development into a central point of competition. Companies are seeking to secure domestic capacity as pressure grows to strengthen supply chains following recent global disruptions.

The push reflects a broader rise in demand for fermentation-based proteins and enzymes. Thermo Fisher has added technologies that link fermentation more closely with downstream manufacturing, aiming to shorten production times. Samsung Biologics has expanded its US presence through a new supply agreement with a large pharmaceutical group, presenting itself as a dependable partner for developers that need firmer delivery schedules. Analysts argue that these moves underline structural weaknesses in the sector, including ageing facilities and fragmented supply routes.

Rivalry is intensifying as companies invest in upgraded equipment, modern production lines and process improvements designed to speed the shift from research to commercial supply. Control of upstream capacity is emerging as an important factor in determining which manufacturers can support new therapies at scale.

US officials have also raised the profile of bioprocessing and fermentation within national industrial strategy. Advisors involved in federal planning say domestic facilities are now viewed as critical to long-term competitiveness, reinforcing calls for more advanced infrastructure.

The expansion drive carries risks. Companies continue to face shortages of specialised labour, and some executives warn of possible overcapacity if demand moderates. Still, most analysts say the sector is approaching a decisive stage. Firms that commit early capital are expected to shape market dynamics as pipelines grow.

As investment gathers pace, new partnerships are forming and technology platforms are advancing. Upstream operations, once a narrow corner of biopharma, are becoming a central force in the next phase of the US biologics industry.